Photographic shutter.



No. 695,564. Patented Mar. l8, I902. R. KLE|N.-

PHOTOGRAPHIG SHUTTER.

Application filed May 15, 1900. Renewed Dec. 31, 1900.) Model.) 4Sheets-Shut I.

: NORRIS Pncas 00.. PMTQLITHQ, wumnsron No. 695,564. Patented Mar. l8,I902.

R. KLEIN.

PHOTOGRAPHIC SHUTTER.

(Application filed Kay 16, 1900. Renewed Dec. 81, 1900.)

(ModeL) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

Jilfllllllllliilllliiill No. 695,564. Patented Mar. l8, I902.

B. KLEIN.

I PHOTOGRAPHIC SHUTTER.

(Applimtion Mod my 15, 1900. moved Dec. 81, 1900.) (IodeL) 4 Shuts-Shut3.

ull

No.'695,564." Patented Mar [8, I902.

B. KLEIN.

PHOTOGRAPHIC SHUTTER.

(Appligafion and m 15, 1900. M D00. :1, 1900. (IodeL) 4 Shanty-Shoo} 4.

III? a I UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

RUDOLPH KLEIN, OF ROCHESTER, NEiV YORK, ASSIGNOR TO BAUSCH & LOMBOPTICAL COMPANY, OF ROCHESTER, NElV YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

PHOTOGRAPHIC SHUTTER.

ION forming part of Letters Patent No. 695,564, dated March 18, 1902.

Application filed May 15,1900. Renewed December 31, 1900.

To (LZZ whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, RUDOLPH KLEIN, of Rochester, in the county of Monroeand State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Photographic Shutters; and I do hereby declare the following to be afull, clear, and exact description of the same, reference beinghad tothe accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specifiro cation, andto the reference-numerals marked thereon.

My present invention has for its object to provide an improved automaticphotographic shutter which can be readily set for making instantaneous,time, or so-called F bulb exposures, and the operation of the shuttercaused by the movement of a single part or operating member in onedirection, although some of the parts may be readily adapted for use inconnection with shutters of a diiferent type; and it consists in certainimprovements and combinations of parts, all as will behereinafterfullydescribed, and the novel features pointed out in the claims at the endof this specification.

In the drawings, Figure l is a front view of a shutter constructed inaccordance with my invention; Fig. 1, arear view of the front or dialplate with the adjusting or setting de- 0 vices for determining the kindof exposure to be made; Fig. 2, a rear view of the shutter members andtheir operating parts looking toward the left in Fig. 5; Fig. 3, a viewof the shutter operating and controlling devices with the front plateremoved, showing the shutter ready for making an instantaneous exposure;Fig. 4, a similar view just before the parts are tripped, the operationbeing caused by the movement of the hand-lever;

Fig. 5, a vertical sectional view on the line a a of Fig. 3; Fig. (3, adetail perspective view of the detaining and master members; Fig. 7,aview similar to Fig. 3, showing the parts set for making a time exposurewith the 5 shutter open and before the operating mem her is released;Fig. 8, a similar view showing the shutter held open ready to be closedby a second operation of the operating member; Fig. 9, a similar viewshowing the parts set for a bulb exposure just before the shutter isopened; Fig. 10, a similar view show Serial No. 41,732. (ModeL) ing theparts in position occupied by them when the shutter is held open duringa bulb exposure; Fig. 11, a view of the parts set for anautomatically-timed exposure; Fig. 12, a plan view.

Similar reference-numerals in the several figures indicate similarparts.

The main casing or support for the shutter embodies a plate 1, having acentral aperture and a rearwardly-extending rim 2, to which acover-plate may be attached, carrying the usual iris diaphragm. Formedwith or connected to the upper portion of the main support 1 is asupporting-plate 3, carrying the sh utter-actuatin g parts. The shutterproper that is to say, the means for intercepting the rays oflight-consists in the present instance of two shutter members 4: and 5,(shown particularly in Fig. 2,) each provided with an aperture 6 andpivotally connected at opposite ends to levers '7, pivoted at 8 upon asupporting-plate. One of the levers has a thrust link or arm 9 pivotedto it at 10, the upper free end of which is connected to a coil-spring11, extending around a disk or boss 12 and connected to a pin 13,projecting from the rear side of a master member or plate 14, rigidlyconnected to and turning with the disk 12 on the front side of the plate3. The end of the link 9 is provided with a shoulder 15, adapted to beengaged by the pin 13 when the shutter is set for operation, as shown indotted lines in Fig. 2, said link turning on the pivot 10 to permit theengagement of the pin with the shoulder, and the connection being suchthat when the master member moves from the position shown indot-and-dash lines to that shown in full lines in Fig. 2 the link willbe thrustlengthwise to the position shown in dotted lines, moving theapertured shutter members to permitthe passage of light, and when thepin 13 reaches the position shown in full lines it will release the linkand permit the spring 11 to return it to normal position, closing theshutters again. Thus it will be seen that by reason of the latchconnection shown the master member may be moved to the left in Fig. 2without opening the shutter and when moved to the right will throw theshutter open and permitit to be closed as soon as the pin 13 isdisengaged from the link.

Ice

While this construction of shutter is-particularly adapted to be used inconnection with the controlling devices hereinafter described, I do notdesire to be confined to this or to any particular type of shuttermechanism, as others can be employed without departing from the spiritof my invention.

The devices for operating and controlling the master member are arrangedupon the frontof the plate or support 3, and said master member 14 isprovided with an engaging pin or projection 16, arranged, preferably,below its pivotal center, and also with a releasing projection 17, inthe present instance in proximity thereto, and is operated. and releasedby an operating member embodying the lever 18,- pivoted at 19 andcarrying a latch or pawl 20, pivoted to the member 18 at 21 and havingat its forward end an engag ing shoulder or catch 22 and a releasingprojection or extension 23. Connected. to the latch 20 ati24 is a spring25, secured at its opposite end to the casing or support and operatingto retain the lever 18 in the position shown in full lines and also tohold the pawl 20 down upon the pin or projection 16, the

. relationof the latch and master memberbeing such that in normalposition thelatch is adapted to engage the pin 16, as shown in Fig. 3,and when the lever 18 is moved to the position shown in Fig. 3 it willcarry the master member around (by the engagement of the projection 22with the pin) and then-the projection 23 on the latch will engage thepin l'Zrand lift the projection 22 out of engagement with the pin, 16,allowing the spring 11 (and also the additional spring 26, extendingaroundthe boss 12 and secured to the casing :by a screw 27) to operatethe master mem- 4v jber, to first position, thereby opening, the

I shutter proper and permitting closing when vthe link 9 is disengagedfrom the pin 13 on matic engine,having acontaining-cylinder 31,

supported upon the casing, to whichis connected an operating-bulb andtube of the ordinary or any preferred construction. The lower end of themember 18 is connectedby a link 32 with one arm of a lever 33, pivotedupon astud 34'on the support 3, provided withthe outwardly-extendingthumb-piece orhandle .35 and also with the inwardly-extending arm, 36,having the pin 37 mounted upon the end thereof. This lever 33 .is a r-,

ranged on the opposite side of the front, of the shutter from thepneumatic engine, and by the manipulation of the end35 the operatingmember may be moved when it is not desirable to use the pneumaticengine, the

connection between the latter and the member 18being a loose one, asshown. The lever 33 and the member 18 always move together and arepractically one structure, so that when in the claims the term operatingmember is used it includes both these parts unless otherwise specified,the present arrangement being employed to make the device as awholesymmetrical and operable from'either side. The studs 34, connectedto the supporting-plate 3, not only constitute the pivots for thelevers, but also carry at their outer end a bridge piece or plate 40,said bridge-piece being shown in Figs, 3, 5, and 11, but omitted in theother figures for the sake of clearness, and pivoted upon the center ofthis bridge-piece and directlybelow the pivotalcenter of the mastermember is a bell-crank lever 41, carrying at its lower outer end thecylinder 42, cooperating with a cylinder or abutment 43, pivoted at 44upon the front of the casing, said cylinders forming a dash-pot orretarding device forcontrollingthe timing operations of the shutter andbeing fitted to each other so that the air will escape from between thembut slowly when they are moved relatively together, offeringpracticallya constant resistance to the closing operation of theshutter,.as will be described, excepting as the leverage between themaster member and said dash-pot is varied. The up per shorter end of thelever 4l is slotted, and upon the master member is arranged a slottedguide formed by a curved rim 45, preferably terminating just above thepivotal center of said member. 46 indicates a face-plate or easingextending over the front ofthe operating parts of theshutter and securedby the screws 47 or otherwise, said platehaving upon its face thefigures 1,4, g, and theletters B and T, and pivoted upon this plate isasetting member consisting of an arm or index 48, provided at its rearwith the crank-pin 49, upon which is pivoted a link 50, carrying at itsouter free 'end a connecting-pin 51, passing through the slotted upperendof the lever 41 and long enough to reach between the sides of theslotted guide45on the master member, VVhenthe settingarm or index 48 isturned to the numeral 1 on theplate 46, indicating the greatest lengthof exposure for which the shutter is adapted in the present instance,the pin 51 will be moved upward in the slotted guide 45 at a pointfarthest removed from the pivotal cenwith which the shutter is trippedto close it,

the position of the parts just at the time the master member is trippedand released being shown in Fig. 11. Of course by varying the leveragebetween the retarding device and the master member the speed with whichthe latter moves may be regulated, so that exposures of any duration maybe accomplished, and thus the indications upon the dial indicate thetime that the shutteris open, determined by the amount of leveragebetween the parts caused by the position of the connecting-pin 51.

In order to cause an instantaneous exposure, it is only necessary torelieve the master member from the operation of the retarding device,which is accomplished when the connectingpin or arm 51 is practically onthe center of movement of the master member, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4,when said member is not affected by the retarding device, and the index48 then cooperates with the indication on the face-plate, therebyallowing the shutter to close as soon as the operating member is trippedand releasing the master member.

In order to adapt the shutter for time exposures, in which the mastermember is retained until a second impulse is given to the operating-arm35 or to the pneumatic operating-engine, or for bulb exposures, when theshutter is held open as long as there is pressure upon the engine oroperating-handle, the said master member is provided at its outer endwith a stud or projection 60, arranged to cooperate with a point 62 andalso with a bulb-stop or projection 63, formed upon a detaining memberor arm 64, pivoted upon a stud or screw 65, said detaining member beingalso provided at its rear side with a hook or projection 66 and at itsforward edge with a projection or ing 67. This detaining member ispreferably constructed of a single piece of sheet metal struck up in theproper form, as shown in Fig. 6, and is moved outwardly away from thepivotal point of the master member bya spring 68, extending around thestud 63 and having its ends engaging the stud or bridge-support 34. Alsoextending around the stud 34 is a light spring 38, having one endengaging the stud 65 and the other oper ating upon the handpiece orlever 33 for assisting in turning the latter to the position shown inFig. 3 and insuring the operation of a catch thereon, notwithstandingthe relatively loose connection with the member or lever 18. p

indicates an arm controlling member or lever, pivoted at 71 to thebridge-piece 40, extending across the center of the master member andhaving its outer end connected to a spring 72, attached to the mainframe at 73, said spring serving to normally hold the arm up in theposition shown in Figs. 3 and 11, so that an inclined shoulder 74 onsaid controller will cooperate with the projection 67 on the detainingmember and preventing the outward movement of the latter to the positionshown in Figs. 7 to 10. The position of this controller determines theoperation of the shutter for bulb or time exposures and is itselfoperated against the tension of the spring 72 by means of the pin 51 ofthe setting member, which extends above it. Thus when it is desired tomake a time exposure the index 48 of the setting member is moved tocooperate with the letter T on the front plate, thereby moving the pin51 down to the position shown in Figs. 7 and 8, removing thetime-controlling member 70, with its projection or shoulder 74, out ofthe path of the stop or projection 67 on the detaining member. NVhen nowthe operating member 18 is moved either by the bulb or the handpiece 35,the master member will be operated to open the shutter-leaves, and assoon as the pin 37 on the lever 33 moves out from beneath the projection66 on the detaining member the spring 63 will throw the latter back tothe position shown in full lines in Fig. 7, with the point or end 62 inthe path of the stop or projection 60 on said master member and the hook66 beneath the pin 37 on lever 33, and when the master member isreleased from the operating memberits operating-spring will throw itdown, and it will be arrested by the engagement of stops 60 and 62, asshown in Fig. 7, with the shutters maintained open. "When the pressureupon the operating member is released, the pin 37 upon the lever 33 willengage the hook or projection 66 on the detaining member, moving thelatter forward slightly, far enough to take the end of the projection orbulb-stop 62 out of the path of the stop 60 on the master member; butthe outer inclined surface 61 of the member 64 will engage the stop 60,and being on a different curve or plane from that of the path of thelatter and the member 64; still engaged by the pin 37 the shutter willbe held open, the parts being then in the position shown in Fig. 8, andupon a second operation of the controlling member the projections 37 and66 will be disengaged, allowing the master member to move to firstposition, closing the shutter again.

When it is desired to cause a bulb exposure, it is necessary to move theindex 48 of the setting member to cooperate with the letter B on theface or index plate, thereby moving the controller 70 only far enough topermit the detaining member to move on its pivot outwardly far enough tobring the projection 63 in the path of the projection 60 on the mastermember, so that after the latter moves a sufficient distance to throwthe shutter open it is retained by the projection 63, as shown in Fig.10, as long as pressure is maintained on the operating member or itslever 33, and as soon as this pressure is relieved the lever is movedforward by its spring, and the pin 37 engages the rear side of theprojection 66 on the detaining member, moving the latter forward andreleasing the stop 63 from 60, allowing the master member to move toclose the shutter again.

ITO

From the above description it will be understoodthat the shutter isadapted for making instantaneous, time, automatically-conthe kind ofexposure required and returning to normal position after the exposurehas been made, ready for a second operation of the same kind, ifdesired,or the kind of exposure may be changed by the manipulation ofthe index 48 of the setting member.

While I prefer the particular form of shutter shown, embodying tworeciprocating overlapping leaves or shutter members, I do not desire tobe confined to this, as other forms could be used, and also, although Iprefer to actuate the shutter by means of both the bulb and theoperating-lever 33, capable of manipulation by hand, I do not desire tobe con fined to either of these arrangements.

The term master member is used herein in the broad sense of a devicehaving a connection with the shutter proper and controlling itsoperation.

By arranging the operatingparts on the base or supporting plate of theshutter the engine and retarding devices on opposite sides I am enabledto render the shutter symmetrical and by placing the setting devicesupon the removable cover-plate,with a detachable connection between themand the operating parts, ready access is bad to the parts for thepurpose of inspection or repair when desired.

The division of'the operating member into two parts- 5. 6., thelevers18and 23-also contributes to the symmetrical arrangement and balancesthe shutter more evenly than if they were arranged on the same sideofthe master member.

I claim as my invention- 1. In a photographic shutter, the combinationwith a shutter proper, a spring-operated master member and a movableoperating member for operating the master memb'er against its spring andreleasing it by a continued movement in one direction, of a singledetaining member having time and bulb stops adapted to cooperateseparately with the master member, and means for holding said memberwith bothstops out of engagement with the master member.

' 2. In a photographic shut-ter, the combina I tion with a shutterproper, a spring-operated setting device for controlling the position ofthe detaining member, and an operating member for actuating-the mastermember and engaging and controlling the'detaining member.

4.- In a photographic shutter, the combinationwith a master member,of asingle de-' taining member having time andbulb stops, either of whichmay cooperate with and control-the movement of the master member, asetting device for, adjusting the detaining member to cause one stop toengage the master member, an operating member cooperating with themaster member to actuate it when moved in one direction and cooperatingwith the detaining member to release the master member when operated inthe other direction.

5. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a master member,of asingle detaining member having time and bulb stops, either of which maycooperate with and control the movement ofthe master member, a settingdevice for adjusting the detaining member to cause one stop to engagethe master member, an operating member cooperating with the mastermember to actuate it when moved in one direction and cooperating withthe detaining member to hold it, said master member cooperating with andoperating the detaining member to normal position when the latter isreleased by the operating member.

6. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a master member, of asingle detaining memberhaving time and bulb stops,either of which maycooperate with and control the movement-of the master member, a settingdevice for adjusting the detaining member to cause either stop'to engagethe master memthe latter in engagement with the master member.

8. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a master member, of asingle detaining member having two time-stops adapted to be engagedsuccessively by themaster mem- -ber for a time exposure, and a stopadapted to be engaged for a bulb exposure, an operating member foroperating the master member in-one direction and cooperating with thedetaining member, and setting devices for controlling the position ofthe detaining member.

9. In a photographic shutter, the combination with the master member, ofa single movable detaining memberhaving stops thereon cooperating withthe master member for time and bulb exposures, means for controlling theposition of the detaining member to bring either set of stops intoposition to engage the master member, and an operating member operatingto move the master member in one direction-and cooperating with thedetaining member.

10. In aphotographic shutter, the combination with the master member, ofa single movable detaining member having three stops thereon, twoadapted to cooperate in succession with the master member for timeexposures and one for bulb exposures, setting devices for bringing thetime or bulb stops into cooperative relation with the master member, andan operating member adapted to actuate the master member in onedirection and cooperating with the detaining member to control it.

11. The combination with the master member, of the detaining memberhaving the stop 2 and incline G1, and the operating member for actuatingthe master member and cooperating with the detaining member when theincline 61 is in engagement with the master member.

12. The combination with the master member having the stop or projectionthereon, the

detaining member having the stop 62 and incline 61, and the spring foroperating it with the stop 62 in the path of the stop on themaster-lever, of the catch 33 engaging the detaining member to move itagainst its spring and then arrest it with the stop 62 engaging theincline.

13. The combination with the master member having the stop 60, of themovable detaining member having the stop (32, incline 61 and the stop.63 thereon, setting devices for controlling the movement of thedetaining member, and means for operating and releasing the detainingmember.

1a. In a photographic shutter,the co mbination with the master member,the operating member cooperating therewith, of the detaining memberhaving the stops 62 and 63 and the incline 61, the spring for operatingthe detaining member, setting devices for limiting the movement of thedetaining member, and connections between the operating member and thedetaining member for moving the latter against its spring and forholding it.

15. The combination with the master member, the detaining member havingthe stops 62 and 63, the incline 61, and catch 66, and

- the spring for operating the member, of devices for controlling themovement of the detaining member, and the lever 33 having the catch 37thereon.

16. The combination with a shutter, a movable projection or member, of apivoted de taining member having time-stops and a bulbstop adapted tocooperate with said projection and control its movement, means forcontrolling the movemcnt of the detaining member on its pivot to bringeither set of stops into position to engage the projection, and meansfor operating said member on its pivot to cause the successive releaseof the time-stops taining devices for the master member 0011- trolled bythe operating member, of a retarding device for governing the movementof the master member and detachably connected thereto.

18. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a master member,anoperating memher for actuating it in one direction, and detainingdevices for the master member controlled by the operating member, of aretarding device for governing the movement of the master member,adjustably and detachably connected thereto,whereby t he speed or"movement of the master member maybe governed.

19. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a master member,anoperating member for actuating it in one direction, and detainingdevices for the master member controlled by the operating member, of aretarding device of constant force, and adjustable connections betweensaid device and the master member for varying the leverage between theparts to change the speed of operation.

20. In aphotographic shutter, the combination with a spring-operatedmaster member, an operating member for actuating and releasing it by acontinued movement in one direction, of a retarding device of constantforce, and an adjustable connection between said device and the mastermember, whereby the speed of operation of the latter may be varied.

21. The combination with a spring-actuated shutter proper, a mastermember, a latch connection between it and the shutter, an operatingmember, a spring for operating it in one direction, and a latchconnection between the operating member and the master member, of aretarding device, and adjus able connections between it and the mastermember for controlling the latter.

22. The combination withashut-ter proper, a master member for openingand closing the shutter by a movement in one direction, an operatingmember for moving the master member to operate the shutter, and meansfor returning the member to first or normal position, of a retardingdevice for regulating the speed of the master member.

23. The combination with a shutter proper, a master member for openingand closing the shutter by a movement in one direction, an operatingdevice for setting the master memher to operate the shutter, and meansfor antomatically returning it to normal position, of an adjustableretarding device for retarding the movement of the master member in adirection to cause the closing of the shutter.

2%. The combination with a shutter proper, a master member for openingand closing the shutter by a movement in one direction, an operatingdevice for setting the master memher to operate the shutter, and meansfor automatically returning it to normal position,.of a retarding deviceof constant force, andan adjustable connection betweenit and the mastermember for varying the leverage between the retarding device and mastermember.

25. The combination with ashutter proper, aspring for closing it,.amaster member, a spring for operating it in a direction to open theshutter, a latch connection between said member and the shutter, anoperating member, a latch connection between it and the master member,and a spring for returning the operating member, of an adjustableretarding device connected to the master member for retarding themovement of the latter when operated by its spring.

26. The combination with a sh utter proper, a spring for closing it, amaster member, a spring for operating it in a direction to open theshutter, a latch connection between the said member and the shutter, anoperating member, a latch connection between it and the master member,and a spring for returning the operating member, of a retarding deviceof constant force, and an adjustable connection between it and themaster member for changing the leverage between them.

27. The combination with ashutter proper, a spring for closing it, amaster member, a spring for operating it in a direction to open theshutter, a latch connection between said member and the shutter, anoperating memher, a latch connection between it and the master member,and a spring for returning the operating member, of detaining devicescooperating with the master member, and operated by the operatingmember, a retarding device cooperating with the master member and asetting device operating to control the detaining devices and therelation of the master member and retarding device.

28. The combination with a shutter, a master member for operating it,and an operating member having a latch connection with the mastermember, of adjustable time-stops for arresting the master memberoperated by the operating member, a retarding device for governing theoperation of the master member, and a setting device controlling therelation of the time-stops to the master member and also the connectionof the retarding device therewith.

29. The combination with a shutter,va master member for operating it, anoperating member having a latch connection with the master member, oftwo time-stops and a bulbpivoted master member having the engaging andreleasing projections thereon, of the lever 18 having the pivoted latchprovided with a shoulder engaging the projection onthe master member,and-theextension engaging the releasing projection, and the springengaging the pivoted arm and operating-it and the lever 18 in onedirection.

31. In a shutter, the combination with the spring-operated mastermember, of the lever 18, the pivoted latch thereon cooperating withthe'master member to move it in one direction, the lever 33 connected tothe lever 18, detaining devices cooperating with the mas-- ter memberand operated upon by the lever 33.

32. In a shutter, the combination with-the spring-operated master memberhaving the stop thereon, of the lever 18, a latch connection between itand the master member, the lever 33 connected-to the lever 18, and thedetaining member having stops engaging the master member and operatedupon and detained by the lever 33.

33. In a photographic shutter, the combination with the shutter proper,a master member for operating it, of a movable operating membercooperating with the master member to actuate it in one direction, asingle detaining member having a plurality of stops thereon adapted tocooperate separately with the master member, and a detachable connectionbetween the detaining and operating members.

34. In a photographic shutter, the combination with the shutter proper,and a master member for operating it, of a movable operating membercooperating with the master member to actuate it in one direction, asingle detaining member having a plurality of stops thereon adapted tocooperate separately with the master member and actuated by theoperating member, and means for controlling the position of thedetaining member and the relation of its stops with the master member;

35. In a photographic shutter having mechanism adapted forinstantaneous, time-and bulb exposures, of an automatic timing devicefor regulating the length of the exposure, a setting device foroperating the time and bulb exposure devices into and out of cooperativerelation with the shutter mechan ism and varying the operation of thetiming device, and an operating member automat ically movable in onedirection and manually operable to cause the actuation of the shutterand to control it when set for time or bulb I the movable setting devicecooperating with the master member and the retarding device and with thecontrolling-lever.

37. In a shutter, the combination with the pivoted master member havingthe engaging and releasing projections, of the pivoted ledevicescooperating with the detaining devices and with the retarding device forvary ing their relation to the master member.

39. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a master member, anoperating member for actuating itin one direction and releasing it,movable and adjustable detaining devices for the master member for timeand bulb exposures and controlled by the operating member, of aretarding device for governing the movement of the master member and asingle movable part for controlling the detaining and retarding devicesto vary their relations with the master member.

RUDOLPH KLEIN. lVitnesses:

F. F. CHURCH, THEODOR BRUECK.

